Articuler dispositifs de formation et Innovations technologiques : Repères sur des actions de pédagogie inversée

International audienceDans le contexte actuel de l’éducation, toute formation universitaire devrait traduire un besoin d’implication volontaire et responsable, de même que la nécessaire analyse des contextes et mécanismes d’apprentissage en vue de leur adaptation aux différents publics. Suivant le postulat selon lequel l’apprenant comme l’enseignant développe et exerce un savoir dans l’action et par celle-ci, nous essaierons de comprendre le fonctionnement du dispositif technique et pédagogique, en insistant sur le concept de classe inversée. En ce sens, nous aborderons la notion de ressources internes (ressources cognitives, conatives de l’apprenant) et ressources externes (ressourcesmatérielles et humaines)

Tuning an HCI Curriculum for Master Students to Address Interactive Critical Systems Aspects

International audienceThis paper presents the need for specific curricula in order to address the training of specialists in the area of Interactive Critical Systems. Indeed, while curricula are usually built in order to produce specialists in one discipline (e.g. computer science) dealing with systems or products requires training in multiple disciplines. The area of Interactive Critical Systems requires deep knowledge in computer science, dependability, Human-Computer Interaction and safety engineering. We report in this paper how these various disciplines have been integrated in a master program at Université Toulouse III, France and highlight the carrier paths followed by the graduated students and how these carriers are oriented towards aeronautics and space application domains

{[Na1(μ-H2O)Na2]2[(C2O4)2Cr(μ-OH)2Cr(C2O4)2]·H2O}n, a novel hydrated form

The unit cell of the title compound, poly[[μ-aqua-μ-hydroxido-di-μ-oxalato-chromium(III)disodium] monohydrate], {[CrNa2(C2O4)2(OH)(H2O)]·H2O}n, contains four [Na1(μ-H2O)Na2][(C2O4)2Cr(μ-OH)·H2O] formula units, each of which consists of two crystallographically independent Na+ sites (bridged by one aqua ligand), one half of a centrosymmetric di-μ-hydroxido-bis­[cis-bis­(oxalato)chromate(III)] dimer, [(C2O4)2Cr(μ-OH)2Cr(C2O4)2]4−, and one uncoordin­ated water mol­ecule. The structure is best described as a coordination polymer in which the three-dimensional lattice framework is realized by the inter­connection of the metallic atoms via the O atoms of the aqua, hydroxide and oxalate ligands. One Na atom is hepta­coordinated by one water, one hydroxide and five oxalate O atoms, whilst the other is penta­coordinated by one water and four oxalate O atoms. The coordination around the Cr3+ sites is pseudo-octa­hedral, involving four aqua and two hydroxide O atoms. Adjacent Na atoms are separated by 3.593 (2) Å, whereas the intra­dimer Cr⋯Cr spacing is 2.978 (1) Å. The crystal structure is consolidated by extended relatively weak O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding with O⋯O distances ranging from 2.808 (4) to 3.276 (5) Å

U-Pb e Sm-Nd em Ortognaisses Riacianos e Estaterianos nos Terrenos Rio Piranhas-Seridó e Jaguaribeano, Província Borborema, Brasil

The Portalegre shear zone separates the Rio Piranhas-Seridó and the Jaguaribeano geological terranes in the Northern Domain of the Borborema Province. Banded gneisses of the Caicó and the Jaguaretama Complexes represent the basements of these terranes. U-Pb analyses yielded ages of 2,193 ± 16 Ma for the Jaguaretama Complex, which is similar to those obtained for the Caicó Complex. T DM Sm-Nd ages for these basement complexes showed Neoarchean values (ca. 2.5 Ga), with εNd(t) values close to the CHUR composition. Elongated bodies were found intruding into the rocks of the Jaguaretama Complex. These foliated bodies with elongated phenocrysts are described as augen gneisses of the Serra do Deserto Suite. These gneisses yielded crystallization ages of 1,777 ± 8 Ma, confirming an extensional period during the Statherian, which is well represented in the Jaguaribeano Terrane by A-type plutonic rocks. Augen gneisses with similar textures, the so called Poço da Cruz Suite, are found intruding the Caicó Complex in the Rio Piranhas-Seridó terrane; however, the ages found throughout the domain are predominantly Rhyacian (ca. 2.2 Ga) and present calc-alkaline affinities. These findings indicate that the augen gneisses, which are widely distributed in these two terranes, have different signatures and are temporally well separated. Furthermore, in agreement with previous geophysical data suggesting a division of terranes marked by the Portalegre Shear Zone, it also demonstrates that even though the Caicó and the Jaguaretama Complexes have similar ages, similar structural evolution and metamorphism under similar pressure and temperature conditions, they exhibit marked differences in composition.A zona de cisalhamento Portalegre separa os terrenos geológicos Rio Piranhas-Seridó e Jaguaribeano do Domínio Setentrional da Província Borborema, com gnaisses bandados dos Complexos Caicó e Jaguaretama representando os respectivos embasamentos destes terrenos. Análises U-Pb forneceram idades de 2.193 ± 16 Ma para os ortognaisses do Complexo Jaguaretama, resultados muito similares às determinadas para o Complexo Caicó. Idades T DM Sm-Nd nesses Complexos forneceram valores neoarqueanos (ca. 2,5 Ga), com εNd(t) muito próximos ao CHUR. Intrudindo as rochas do Complexo Jaguaretama, destacam-se corpos alongados, foliados e com pórfiros estirados, denominados de Suíte Serra do Deserto. Estes forneceram idades de cristalização a 1.777 ± 8 Ma, ratificando um período extensional que ocorreu no Estateriano, bem representado no terreno Jaguaribeano por sequências vulcanossedimentares e plutônicas Tipo-A. Augen gnaisses com texturas similares, denominados de Suíte Poço da Cruz, são encontrados intrudindo o Complexo Caicó no terreno Rio Piranhas-Seridó, porém, as idades registradas por todo este domínio são predominantemente Riacianas (ca. 2,2 Ga) e de afinidades cálcio-alcalinas, indicando que estes augen gnaisses possuem diferentes assinaturas e estão bem separados no tempo. Além disso, além dos dados geofísicos prévios que sugerem esta divisão de Terrenos marcada pela Zona de Cisalhamento Portalegre, os Complexos Caicó e Jaguaretama exibem diferenças composicionais marcantes. Corpos de anfibolitos alongados e concordantes a subconcordantes com o bandamento do Complexo Caicó e importante contribuição sedimentar na constituição do Complexo Jaguaretama com importantes intercalações de mármores são algumas destas diferenças

Loss and improvement analysys based on lean concepts applied to the wine industry

Nos últimos anos, o setor vinícola nacional vem apresentando diversas transformações em seus processos produtivos. Melhorias focadas na qualidade final do produto, bem como no processo de produção em si, passaram a ser fundamentais à sobrevivência do setor frente ao crescente volume de vinhos importados disponíveis no mercado nacional. De tal forma, perdas no processo produtivo devem ser minimizadas e/ou eliminadas para assegurar a competitividade do segmento nacional. Este artigo apresenta uma aplicação inédita dos conceitos do Sistema Toyota de Produção (STP) na melhoria do processo produtivo em uma empresa vinícola. No estudo de caso que ilustra o artigo, a linha de engarrafamento foi identificada como concentradora das perdas de produção mais pronunciadas, por intermédio de entrevistas e filmagem dos procedimentos envolvidos. Ferramentas oriundas da Engenharia de Produção, como mudança de layout e desenvolvimento de dispositivos anti-falhas, foram implementadas na linha de engarrafamento. As modificações propostas conduziram à redução do transporte de insumos, eliminação de perdas por ruptura de vasilhame e otimização do número de operários no setor

Partial Penectomy in a Horse with Paraphimosis

Background: In horses, an increase in the volume of penis and foreskin can be caused by trauma. The resultant edema interferes with the retraction of the penis and cause paraphimosis. Surgical intervention through penectomy is indicated in cases wherein an alternative treatment is not feasible. Partial penectomy can prolong the life and reproductive function of many stallions. The present study aims to report on the methodological, functional, and economic feasibility of a successful case of the use of Williams technique for partial penectomy performed in the field in a horse with paraphimosis, preserving urinary, productive, and reproductive functions.Case: A 10-year-old horse weighing 500 kg had clinical signs of paraphimosis due to the formation of granulomatous tissue following trauma to the glans region. A surgical intervention, namely a partial penectomy was decided to be performed to prevent injury from priapism. Due to the limited resources provided by the owner and the impossibility of moving the animal to a surgical center in a veterinary hospital, the procedure was performed in the field, with prior sanitization and preparation of the environment used to perform surgery. The horse was tranquilized with intravenous xylazine hydrochloride and acepromazine, with subsequent induction of anesthesia with ready-to-use (RTU) guaifenesin bolus and maintenance of anesthesia with an intravenous association of RTU guaifenesin, xylazine hydrochloride, and ketamine. The distal third of the penis was amputated using the recommended Williams technique. Although the complications like dehiscence and emergence of granulation tissue occurred after surgery, these were controlled in the daily follow-up of the animal and post-surgical treatment.Discussion:Paraphimosis predisposed the horse to abrasions and edema of the exposed portion of the penis. However, there was no urine retention, which suggested that the urethral ostium and the urethra had no lesions. Because the granulomatous lesions were located in the distal third of the penis and the extent of penile exposure was small, the partial penectomy technique proved effective in solving the permanent exposure of the penis. The anesthetic protocol used was inexpensive, easy to execute, and effective, and no anesthetic complications occurred, proving this protocol to be efficient for the anesthetic induction of animals in the field.In addition to being reliable and widespread, the Williams technique was recommended to prevent possible urethral stenosis and the development of contact dermatitis by urine. This technique makes a rapid recovery of the animal possible, with improvement of its physiological parameters, and due to ease of being able to be done in the field, it is also inexpensive. The edema and the granulation tissue that occurred after surgery were controlled with medication. In general, post-penectomy animals are not used for reproduction. This makes the present report an important contribution, because in cases in which the lesions present a distal disposition and the penile exposure is small, stallions have a chance of maintaining reproductive function after surgery, even with a long period of evolution before surgical treatment. This was demonstrated in the present case, as the animal in this case later impregnated a mare, with the pregnancy confirmed by ultrasound examination. Partial penectomy is a resolution technique for cases of traumatic paraphimosis, in which exuberant granulation tissue is formed in the distal third of the penis, with a long period of evolution. The surgery can be done in the field, with a low surgical cost to the owner, and a good productive and reproductive prognosis for the animal.Keywords: partial penectomy, paraphimosis, Williams technique, horse.Descritores: penectomia parcial, parafimose, técnica de William, equino.Título: Penectomia em equino com parafimose

Atresia Ani (Imperforated Anus) in Calves: Clinical, Surgical and Pathological Aspects

Background: Anal atresia is a congenital malformation, which often affects calves, and is related to the imperforation of the membrane that separates the endoderm of the posterior intestine from the ectodermal anal membrane. It is commonly associated with other congenital malformations and skeletal anomalies. The clinical signs generally appear in the first days of the animal's life, due to a retention of feces. The diagnosis is clinical and is based on observation, anamnesis and a physical examination of the animal. The only viable treatment is surgical. This paper aims to report 6 cases of anal atresia in bovine calves, 4 males and 2 females that were successfully treated surgically. Cases: This work reports 6 cases of anal atresia in 4 male calves and 2 female calves. Three presented total atresia (type II), one partial (type I) and in both female calves, anal atresia and rectovaginal fistula (type IV) were observed. The animals were all of undefined race. Five of the cases were from northern Tocantins, 4 males and 1 female (anal atresia with rectovaginal fistula), and 1 female (anal atresia with rectovaginal fistula) was from Valença, RJ. All animals were born active, by eutocic/natural birth, and assumed a quadrupedal position followed by the first feeding as normal. They were aged between 2 days and 6 months, and had a clinical history of abdominal distention and difficulty or inability defecating, and the females both also had a rectovaginal fistula, all cases compatible with anal atresia. Based on the patient's history and clinical examination, surgical treatment for anal reconstruction was decided upon. Postoperative treatment consisted of enrofloxacin [2.5 mg/kg - intramuscularly (IM), once daily (SID), for 5 days] and fluxinin meglumine [1.1 mg/kg - IM, SID, for 3 days] ; as well as a healing ointment which was applied to the area of the surgical wound, every 12 h, for 7 days. There were no trans-surgical complications. The animals showed progressive recovery after anal reconstruction and the stitches were removed in all cases on the 10th postoperative day, with no postoperative complications and no recurrence of any clinical signs from that moment on.Discussion: The study of congenital and hereditary changes enables the identification of their origins, can help prevent new cases and, some of them, are open to economically viable treatment and/or correction that can improve the well-being of the animal and prevent economic losses due to death or animal sacrifice, as reported in the present study. Anal atresia is the most common congenital defect of the lower gastrointestinal tract in calves, being an isolated abnormality, or associated with other malformations, especially of the distal spinal column such as the absence of a tail (perosumus acaudato), as one of the animals in this study. The clinical signs and physical examination are sufficient to establish the diagnosis, as demonstrated in this report, which is usually made in newborn animals, due to the lack or difficulty in defecation associated with no anal orifice and/or swelling in the perineal region. The treatment of choice for anal atresia is surgical, in order to construct an anal neo-orifice and thus avoid endotoxemic shock as well as providing relief and well-being for the animals. As observed in this study, when anal atresia is diagnosed early, and surgical treatment is properly instituted, the prognosis is favorable. The surgery is considered of low complexity, quick and it can be carried out in the field. Thus, from a commercial point of view, considering the costs of the procedures and the value of the calf at the end of weaning, such treatments are beneficial to the owners. In addition, the surgical treatment is essential for animal health and welfare in cases of anal atresia.Keywords: cattle, congenital defects, hereditary pathology, perosomus acaudato, surgery

Management of a Congenital Flexural Deformity in a Calf - Surgical and Pathological Aspects

Background: Flexural deformities are anatomical deviations, in varying degrees, of one or more joints, and may have a congenital or acquired origin. Congenital contracture of the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) affects newborn calves and results in hyperflexion of the metacarpal-phalangeal joint, which in severe cases means that the animal must support its own weight on its fetlock joints. The aim of this study is to report the rapid and successful result of applying bilateral total tenotomy technique on a newborn bovine that had been diagnosed with severe bilateral DDFT contracture in the thoracic limbs.Case: A 3-week-old male bovine with a history of difficulty in maintaining a quadrupedal position was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Tocantins. The animal had severe bilateral locomotor alterations in the thoracic members to the point that he walked on his fetlock joints. The physical examination revealed clinical parameters within the normal range. However, the locomotor system examination showed severe flexor deformity in the bilateral metacarpal-phalangeal joints, and the limbs were being supported on the dorsal face of the fetlock joints, which presented ulcerations, and was suggestive of a shortening of the DDFT. Based on the patient's history and clinical examination, as well as the severity of the tendon contractures, surgical treatment using the DDFT bilateral total tenotomy technique was decided upon. Postoperative treatment consisted of 2.5 mg/kg of enrofloxacin intramuscularly (IM), SID, for 5 days and 0.5 mg/kg meloxicam via IM, SID, for 3 days; as well as a dressing (cotton, medical bandage and a PVC mold) on the thoracic limbs to provide support and allow the animal to walk, until its complete recovery. One day after the surgery, the animal was able to walk with difficulty and some trembling; however, on the third day after the surgical procedure, it could stand up by itself, walk and graze normally. The surgical stitches were removed seven days after the operation, as the surgical wounds had healed adequately. The animal was followed-up for a one-month period after the total tenotomy, with no recurrence of any of the clinical signs, and the thoracic limbs had regained normal biomechanics.Discussion: Congenital flexural deformities are common in newborn calves of different breeds and their incidence is mainly in the thoracic limbs, especially in the carpal, distal interphalangeal and metacarpal-phalangeal joints as was reported in the animal in this study. The history and anamnesis of the animal, along with a thorough physical examination, in order to rule out any other congenital alterations, was extremely important in the diagnosis, and the classification of the severity of the deformity along with the choice of appropriate treatment in the present study. Although total tenotomy is rarely reported in the literature, and there are controversial results with calves, the surgical treatment was chosen in the present case due to the severity of the case. The DDFT bilateral total tenotomy surgical technique gave satisfactory results for the correction of severe bilateral flexor deformity in the thoracic limbs of the newborn crossbred calf. Complete recovery of the limb biomechanics was rapid, and there was no post-surgical complications, thus ensuring the animal could have a good and healthy life. Total DDFT tenotomy is considered a viable surgical procedure for calves with severe congenital flexor deformities; however, post-operative care is also important to ensure good final results

Reversible Techniques of Ruffian in Sheep (Ovis aires)

Background: The use of teaser rams is an essential practice for detecting estrus in ewes as well as for accelerating puberty and synchronizing ovulation in the animal. There are several methods for preparing teasers, and the method used should be based on an assessment of the producer’s requirements. The ideal technique should be low cost and safe, ensuring the non-fertilization of ewes. This study evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of two reversible teaser preparation techniques using a reversible plastic clamp. The techniques were compared in terms of functionality, possible post-surgical complications, and hematological changes of the rams as well as durability and reversibility.Materials, Methods & Results: Twelve healthy rams, aged 14-20 months, were divided into two groups (G1 and G2). Blood samples were collected through the jugular vein to perform the following analyses: blood count, total plasma protein, and fibrinogen. Following local infiltrative anesthesia with 5.0 mL 2% lidocaine without vasoconstrictor, the procedure was performed as follows: in G1, the preputial ostium was partially closed, and in G2, sigmoid flexure was performed in the cranial region, approximately 5-8 cm immediately caudal to the scrotal sac. In the postoperative period, 20 mg/kg oxytetracycline and 2.2 mg/kg flunixinmeglumine were intramuscularly administered as a single dose. The wounds were dressed, sprayed with repellent, and allowed to heal for seven days. The procedures in both groups were simple to perform, low cost, and low risk; caused minimal tissue injury; enabled rapid recovery; promoted little or no stress to the animals; are reversible; and left no complications. The animals of both groups satisfactorily identified the females in estrus during the three-month experimental period, maintained libido, and failed to mate with any female. The blood count levels remained within normal range in both groups evaluated at different time intervals. Hyperfibrinogenemia was observed in four animals of G1 and in three animals of G2 at T2, with a mean level of 600 mg/dL. However, the values returned to normal at T3 in both G1 and G2, when the mean observed fibrinogen level was 400 mg/dL.Discussion: Since these are simple, rapid procedures with low tissue injury and a simple anesthetic protocol, the animals showed rapid recovery, without intra or postoperative complications, enabling the immediate initiation of work. The techniques, therefore, demonstrate several advantages over the other techniques described above. It is estimated that the techniques used in this study are more economically viable than other techniques described in the literature, which require medium to high complexity procedures and long postoperative treatments and carry the risk of affecting the animal’s libido, making the animal unviable and more liable to be disposed. However, disposing of such animals represents great losses, as it interferes with the reproductive management and pregnancy of several females on the farm. In addition, the conventional techniques are irreversible, which means that these animals cannot be used for other purposes. The reversible techniques presented in this study allowed the teasers to successfully identify females in heat without mating with them because there was no exteriorization of the penis. The results of the blood count confirm that the procedures did not generate extensive tissue lesions, stress, pain, inflammation, or infection